The Shiite Revolution and the Martyr of Karbala
"Sadr also announced that he and his followers "have laid the foundation stone of the state of the Mehdi" a reference to Al-Mehdi Al-Montazer, or the "hidden imam", the 12th and last revered leader of the Shiite Muslims who disappeared in 907 AD. - Yahoo News
It's a rule, I think, that if you leave a large enough void of power, someone is going to step up to fill it- and eventually, through a confluence of leadership, luck, and cultural sentiment, one of them will stick. This one is particularly disconcerting, but not at all surprising, and here's why:
Shiism is the branch of Islam that believes in the idea that Mohammad's male descendants were the only pure carriers of Mohammad's wisdom. A rough analogy would be to imagine if Popes were literally the descendants of Christ. Shiism is just one branch of Islam in Iraq- the Sunnis are another- and Shiites are further divided by which descendants are believed to be "true", since only pure blood (and male) descendants of Mohammad should be revered. (For the record, Mohammad only had a daughter- so the wisdom was passed on to her husband. I'm not kidding.) Some say there are five ("the Fivers"), some say seven and some say 12- you guessed it, "the Twelvers." The group in Iraq declaring revolution are "Twelvers". By what I am sure is not coincidence, "Twelvers" also form the official state religion of Iran.
If you look at the history of these Imams, you can begin to understand why the Shiites are so much more upset and impassioned about our presence than you might think. It is not simply a matter of "foreign occupation". We should be so lucky that their hostility stemmed from such simplistic, secular rationalizations.
No no, friends: It is so much more fucked than you could ever imagine.
For one: The last three Imams were all forced to spend their lives in prisons by an opposing branch of Islam. They communicated only through secret communications with their followers. The last, 12th Imam, Muhammad al Mahdi, either disappeared or threw himself down a well to escape these foreign oppressors. (Non Twelvers will often claim he didn't exist.) This week, Sadr's followers were expected to sit around and allow the Americans who invaded their land to then go and imprison their religious leader. They weren't so hot for that idea, and now Sadr is using that parallel to aggravate and already inflamed religious furor.
Consider is the importance of Karbala: this is where Imam Hussayn, considered to be one of the direct descendants of Mohammad, was killed by troops imposing an opposing brand of Islam. In other words, a descendant of Mohammad was killed as a martyr defending Islam from infidels who imposed a foreign religion onto their territory. This weekend is Ashura, the weekend where they will mourn his death, or, as one source puts it, a day that "also makes us aware of the people, then and now, who tried to destroy Islam and the family of the Prophet and all that they stood for - as well as those who watched, listened and did nothing." Sadr is locked up in Hussayn's mausoleum. Got it, kids?
If not, consider this: Twelver Shiites believe that the 12th Imam will be resurrected to fight with those who have been loyal to him in a final battle before the Apocalypse. Iraq, invaded by the Nation long called "The Great Satan" by Fundamentalist Islamic Preachers, which decimated it's national history, put women on the ground to kill "proud martyrs", and filled the sky with massive silver eagles that breath fire and turn the night sky to daylight? Yeah, you can imagine where the whole "apocalypse" idea could gain traction.
So considering all of this, let us imagine for a moment, once again, the notion that we would be greeted as liberators with rose petals tossed on our feet as we literally invaded the area where, 1000 years ago, foreign armies with an opposing religion came in and killed Mohammad's great grandson. Consider that this belief is backed up by the majority of the Iranian population, and then consider that those who died in that battle 1000 years ago were considered martyrs, and that the holiday this weekend is not exactly "The Islamic Easter", it's a holiday celebrating martyrdom against a foreign occupation.
It's a rule, I think, that if you leave a large enough void of power, someone is going to step up to fill it- and eventually, through a confluence of leadership, luck, and cultural sentiment, one of them will stick. This one is particularly disconcerting, but not at all surprising, and here's why:
Shiism is the branch of Islam that believes in the idea that Mohammad's male descendants were the only pure carriers of Mohammad's wisdom. A rough analogy would be to imagine if Popes were literally the descendants of Christ. Shiism is just one branch of Islam in Iraq- the Sunnis are another- and Shiites are further divided by which descendants are believed to be "true", since only pure blood (and male) descendants of Mohammad should be revered. (For the record, Mohammad only had a daughter- so the wisdom was passed on to her husband. I'm not kidding.) Some say there are five ("the Fivers"), some say seven and some say 12- you guessed it, "the Twelvers." The group in Iraq declaring revolution are "Twelvers". By what I am sure is not coincidence, "Twelvers" also form the official state religion of Iran.
If you look at the history of these Imams, you can begin to understand why the Shiites are so much more upset and impassioned about our presence than you might think. It is not simply a matter of "foreign occupation". We should be so lucky that their hostility stemmed from such simplistic, secular rationalizations.
No no, friends: It is so much more fucked than you could ever imagine.
For one: The last three Imams were all forced to spend their lives in prisons by an opposing branch of Islam. They communicated only through secret communications with their followers. The last, 12th Imam, Muhammad al Mahdi, either disappeared or threw himself down a well to escape these foreign oppressors. (Non Twelvers will often claim he didn't exist.) This week, Sadr's followers were expected to sit around and allow the Americans who invaded their land to then go and imprison their religious leader. They weren't so hot for that idea, and now Sadr is using that parallel to aggravate and already inflamed religious furor.
Consider is the importance of Karbala: this is where Imam Hussayn, considered to be one of the direct descendants of Mohammad, was killed by troops imposing an opposing brand of Islam. In other words, a descendant of Mohammad was killed as a martyr defending Islam from infidels who imposed a foreign religion onto their territory. This weekend is Ashura, the weekend where they will mourn his death, or, as one source puts it, a day that "also makes us aware of the people, then and now, who tried to destroy Islam and the family of the Prophet and all that they stood for - as well as those who watched, listened and did nothing." Sadr is locked up in Hussayn's mausoleum. Got it, kids?
If not, consider this: Twelver Shiites believe that the 12th Imam will be resurrected to fight with those who have been loyal to him in a final battle before the Apocalypse. Iraq, invaded by the Nation long called "The Great Satan" by Fundamentalist Islamic Preachers, which decimated it's national history, put women on the ground to kill "proud martyrs", and filled the sky with massive silver eagles that breath fire and turn the night sky to daylight? Yeah, you can imagine where the whole "apocalypse" idea could gain traction.
So considering all of this, let us imagine for a moment, once again, the notion that we would be greeted as liberators with rose petals tossed on our feet as we literally invaded the area where, 1000 years ago, foreign armies with an opposing religion came in and killed Mohammad's great grandson. Consider that this belief is backed up by the majority of the Iranian population, and then consider that those who died in that battle 1000 years ago were considered martyrs, and that the holiday this weekend is not exactly "The Islamic Easter", it's a holiday celebrating martyrdom against a foreign occupation.